feat(ai): add Alibaba inference provider (#47874)

2026-10-16 10:30:01 +08:00 · 2026-09-08 23:29:02 -05:00
parent e628143448
commit c1f4beaf40
57 changed files with 2940 additions and 5 deletions
@@ -29,6 +29,78 @@ await Effect.runPromise(program.pipe(Effect.provide(llmLayer)))

 Run `LLMClient.stream(request)` instead of `generate` when you want incremental `LLMEvent`s. The event stream is provider-neutral — same shape across OpenAI Chat, OpenAI Responses, Anthropic Messages, Gemini, Bedrock Converse, and any OpenAI-compatible deployment.

+## Alibaba Cloud Model Studio
+
+`Alibaba` provides standard Model Studio inference. Configure a region explicitly, then select
+Chat Completions (`.model` or `.chat`), Anthropic-compatible Messages (`.messages`), or OpenAI-compatible
+Responses (`.responses`). These routes use HTTP/SSE.
+
+```ts
+import { LLM } from "@opencode/ai"
+import { Alibaba } from "@opencode/ai/providers"
+
+const alibaba = Alibaba.configure({
+  region: "ap-southeast-1", // Singapore
+  apiKey: process.env.DASHSCOPE_API_KEY,
+  // workspaceID: "llm-your-workspace", // use a workspace-dedicated endpoint
+})
+
+const request = LLM.request({
+  model: alibaba.model("qwen3.8-max"),
+  prompt: "Explain this design.",
+  providerOptions: { reasoningEffort: "medium" },
+})
+```
+
+### Regions and credentials
+
+| Region              | `region`         | Shared host when `workspaceID` is omitted |
+| ------------------- | ---------------- | ----------------------------------------- |
+| Singapore           | `ap-southeast-1` | `dashscope-intl.aliyuncs.com`             |
+| China (Beijing)     | `cn-beijing`     | `dashscope.aliyuncs.com`                  |
+| China (Hong Kong)   | `cn-hongkong`    | `cn-hongkong.dashscope.aliyuncs.com`      |
+| US (Virginia)       | `us-east-1`      | `dashscope-us.aliyuncs.com`               |
+| Germany (Frankfurt) | `eu-central-1`   | Supply `workspaceID` or `baseURL`         |
+| Japan (Tokyo)       | `ap-northeast-1` | Supply `workspaceID` or `baseURL`         |
+
+With `workspaceID`, the host is `{workspaceID}.{region}.maas.aliyuncs.com`. A complete `baseURL`
+overrides regional setup, including the API prefix: `/compatible-mode/v1` for Chat/Responses,
+or `/apps/anthropic/v1` for Messages. The selector appends its operation path.
+
+Keys and model availability are region-specific. Auth resolves from explicit `auth` or `apiKey`,
+then `DASHSCOPE_API_KEY`, then `ALIBABA_API_KEY`.
+
+The access region and inference scope differ: Virginia's `-us` model IDs request US-only inference;
+some regions select scope through their workspace. Model IDs pass through unchanged.
+Alibaba's [regional guide](https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/en/model-studio/regions) and
+[base URL table](https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/en/model-studio/base-url) disagree about Virginia's
+shared host; the entry above follows the base URL table. Dedicated hosts can be copied from the console.
+
+### Native options
+
+- **Chat:** `reasoningEffort` → `reasoning_effort`, `enableThinking` → `enable_thinking`,
+  `thinkingBudget` → `thinking_budget`, and `preserveThinking` → `preserve_thinking`.
+  Replay complete `response.message` values to retain `reasoning_content` separately from answer text.
+  Qwen 3.8 defaults to preserving thinking; older models have different defaults.
+  Additional options include `toolStream`, `parallelToolCalls`, `repetitionPenalty`, `responseFormat`,
+  `enableSearch`, and native `searchOptions`. `generation.topK` lowers to `top_k`.
+  `clearThinking` is a hosted GLM control, and `thinking.type` is available for hosted MiniMax models.
+- **Messages:** `effort` → `output_config.effort`. `thinking.type` accepts enabled/disabled with an
+  optional `budgetTokens` (or native `budget_tokens`). `outputConfig.format` accepts a JSON schema.
+  Model Studio's empty thinking signatures are accepted; supplied signatures are replayed unchanged.
+- **Responses:** `reasoningEffort` → `reasoning.effort`, plus `enableThinking`, `store`,
+  `previousResponseId`, and `conversation`. Omitted `store` retains the API's default (`true`);
+  set it to `false` for client-managed history. `previousResponseId` requires a stored response.
+  Hosted tools are `Alibaba.webSearch()`, `Alibaba.webExtractor()`, and `Alibaba.codeInterpreter()`.
+  Web extraction is used together with web search. Hosted calls/results carry `providerExecuted: true`.
+
+Omitted options preserve provider defaults. Effort values pass through unchanged and accept future
+strings. Qwen 3.8 Chat rejects requests combining a thinking budget with effort.
+
+Package entrypoints are `@opencode/ai/providers/alibaba`, `alibaba/chat`, `alibaba/messages`,
+and `alibaba/responses`. Live recordings cover all three APIs in Singapore; regional URL construction
+is unit-tested for all six regions.
+
 ## Z.AI

 `ZAI` uses the standard API. Chat Completions is the default language-model API;
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
+import { Protocol } from "../route/protocol.js"
+import type { LanguageModelCompatibility } from "../schema/index.js"
+import { OpenAIChat } from "./openai-chat.js"
+import { JsonObject, ProviderShared } from "./shared.js"
+import { OpenResponsesOptions } from "./utils/open-responses-options.js"
+
+export type ReasoningEffort = OpenResponsesOptions.ReasoningEffort
+
+const Options = Schema.Struct({
+  reasoningEffort: OpenResponsesOptions.Options.fields.reasoningEffort,
+  enableThinking: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+  thinkingBudget: Schema.optional(Schema.Int),
+  preserveThinking: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+  clearThinking: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+  thinking: Schema.optional(
+    Schema.Struct({
+      type: Schema.declare<"adaptive" | "disabled" | (string & {})>(Schema.is(Schema.String)),
+    }),
+  ),
+  toolStream: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+  parallelToolCalls: OpenResponsesOptions.Options.fields.parallelToolCalls,
+  repetitionPenalty: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
+  responseFormat: Schema.optional(
+    Schema.Struct({
+      type: Schema.declare<"text" | "json_object" | "json_schema" | (string & {})>(Schema.is(Schema.String)),
+      json_schema: Schema.optional(JsonObject),
+    }),
+  ),
+  enableSearch: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+  searchOptions: Schema.optional(
+    Schema.Struct({
+      forced_search: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+      search_strategy: Schema.optional(
+        Schema.declare<"turbo" | "max" | "agent" | "agent_max" | (string & {})>(Schema.is(Schema.String)),
+      ),
+      enable_search_extension: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+    }),
+  ),
+})
+export type OptionsInput = typeof Options.Type
+
+export const compatibility = {
+  maxTokensField: "max_completion_tokens",
+  supportsStore: false,
+  supportsStrictMode: false,
+  reasoningField: "reasoning_content",
+  zaiToolStream: false,
+} satisfies LanguageModelCompatibility
+
+export const protocol = Protocol.make({
+  id: "alibaba-chat",
+  body: {
+    schema: Schema.Struct({
+      ...OpenAIChat.bodyFields,
+      enable_thinking: Options.fields.enableThinking,
+      thinking_budget: Options.fields.thinkingBudget,
+      preserve_thinking: Options.fields.preserveThinking,
+      clear_thinking: Options.fields.clearThinking,
+      thinking: Options.fields.thinking,
+      parallel_tool_calls: Options.fields.parallelToolCalls,
+      repetition_penalty: Options.fields.repetitionPenalty,
+      top_k: Schema.optional(Schema.Int),
+      response_format: Options.fields.responseFormat,
+      enable_search: Options.fields.enableSearch,
+      search_options: Options.fields.searchOptions,
+    }),
+    from: Effect.fn("AlibabaChat.fromRequest")(function* (req) {
+      const opts = yield* ProviderShared.validateWith(Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(Options))(req.providerOptions ?? {})
+      return {
+        ...(yield* OpenAIChat.protocol.body.from(req)),
+        enable_thinking: opts.enableThinking,
+        thinking_budget: opts.thinkingBudget,
+        preserve_thinking: opts.preserveThinking,
+        clear_thinking: opts.clearThinking,
+        thinking: opts.thinking,
+        tool_stream: opts.toolStream,
+        parallel_tool_calls:
+          opts.parallelToolCalls ??
+          (req.toolChoice?.disableParallelToolUse === undefined ? undefined : !req.toolChoice.disableParallelToolUse),
+        repetition_penalty: opts.repetitionPenalty,
+        top_k: req.generation?.topK,
+        response_format: opts.responseFormat,
+        enable_search: opts.enableSearch,
+        search_options: opts.searchOptions,
+      }
+    }),
+  },
+  stream: OpenAIChat.protocol.stream,
+})
+
+export * as AlibabaChat from "./alibaba-chat.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
+import { Protocol } from "../route/protocol.js"
+import { LLMRequest } from "../schema/index.js"
+import { AnthropicMessages } from "./anthropic-messages.js"
+import { ProviderShared } from "./shared.js"
+import { OpenResponsesOptions } from "./utils/open-responses-options.js"
+
+const Options = Schema.Struct({
+  effort: Schema.optional(OpenResponsesOptions.ReasoningEffort),
+  thinking: Schema.optional(
+    Schema.Struct({
+      type: Schema.declare<"enabled" | "disabled" | (string & {})>(Schema.is(Schema.String)),
+      budgetTokens: Schema.optional(Schema.Int),
+      budget_tokens: Schema.optional(Schema.Int),
+    }),
+  ),
+})
+export type OptionsInput = typeof Options.Type & Pick<AnthropicMessages.OptionsInput, "outputConfig">
+export const protocol = Protocol.make({
+  id: "alibaba-messages",
+  body: {
+    schema: Schema.Struct({
+      ...AnthropicMessages.AnthropicMessagesBody.fields,
+      thinking: Schema.optional(Schema.Struct({ type: Schema.String, budget_tokens: Schema.optional(Schema.Int) })),
+    }),
+    from: Effect.fn("AlibabaMessages.fromRequest")(function* (req) {
+      const opts = yield* ProviderShared.validateWith(Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(Options))(req.providerOptions ?? {})
+      // Model Studio accepts enabled thinking without Anthropic's mandatory token budget.
+      return {
+        ...(yield* AnthropicMessages.protocol.body.from(
+          LLMRequest.update(req, {
+            providerOptions: { ...req.providerOptions, thinking: undefined },
+          }),
+        )),
+        thinking:
+          opts.thinking === undefined
+            ? undefined
+            : {
+                type: opts.thinking.type,
+                budget_tokens: opts.thinking.budgetTokens ?? opts.thinking.budget_tokens,
+              },
+      }
+    }),
+  },
+  stream: AnthropicMessages.protocol.stream,
+})
+
+export * as AlibabaMessages from "./alibaba-messages.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
+import { Protocol } from "../route/protocol.js"
+import { OpenResponses } from "./open-responses.js"
+import { JsonObject, optionalArray, ProviderShared } from "./shared.js"
+import { OpenResponsesOptions } from "./utils/open-responses-options.js"
+import { ResponsesHostedTools } from "./utils/responses-hosted-tools.js"
+
+const Options = Schema.Struct({
+  reasoningEffort: OpenResponsesOptions.Options.fields.reasoningEffort,
+  enableThinking: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+  store: OpenResponsesOptions.Options.fields.store,
+  previousResponseId: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+  conversation: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+})
+export type OptionsInput = typeof Options.Type
+const NativeTool = Schema.Struct({ type: Schema.Literals(["web_search", "web_extractor", "code_interpreter"]) })
+const WebExtractorItem = Schema.StructWithRest(
+  Schema.Struct({
+    type: Schema.Literal("web_extractor_call"),
+    id: Schema.String,
+    urls: Schema.optional(Schema.Array(Schema.String)),
+    goal: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+  }),
+  [JsonObject],
+)
+const Body = Schema.Struct({
+  ...OpenResponses.coreFields,
+  input: Schema.Array(Schema.Union([OpenResponses.InputItem, WebExtractorItem])),
+  tools: optionalArray(Schema.Union([OpenResponses.Tool, NativeTool])),
+  enable_thinking: Options.fields.enableThinking,
+  previous_response_id: Options.fields.previousResponseId,
+  conversation: Options.fields.conversation,
+  stream: Schema.Literal(true),
+})
+const adapter = {
+  id: "alibaba-responses",
+  name: "Alibaba Responses",
+  nativeTool: (native) => ProviderShared.validateWith(Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(NativeTool))(native.alibaba),
+  restoreHostedToolItem: (item: unknown) => (Schema.is(WebExtractorItem)(item) ? item : undefined),
+} satisfies OpenResponses.ProviderAdapter
+
+const tools = {
+  web_search_call: { name: "web_search", input: (item) => item.action ?? {} },
+  code_interpreter_call: { name: "code_interpreter", input: (item) => ({ code: item.code }) },
+} satisfies ResponsesHostedTools.Definitions
+
+export const protocol = Protocol.make({
+  id: adapter.id,
+  body: {
+    schema: Body,
+    from: Effect.fn("AlibabaResponses.fromRequest")(function* (req) {
+      const opts = yield* ProviderShared.validateWith(Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(Options))(req.providerOptions ?? {})
+      const body = yield* OpenResponses.fromRequestWithAdapter(req, adapter)
+      const choice = body.tool_choice
+      return yield* ProviderShared.validateWith(Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(Body))({
+        ...body,
+        enable_thinking: opts.enableThinking,
+        previous_response_id: opts.previousResponseId,
+        conversation: opts.conversation,
+        // Model Studio expresses named selection through allowed_tools.
+        tool_choice:
+          typeof choice === "object" && choice.type === "function"
+            ? { type: "allowed_tools" as const, mode: "required" as const, tools: [choice] }
+            : choice,
+      })
+    }),
+  },
+  stream: {
+    event: OpenResponses.protocol.stream.event,
+    initial: (req) => OpenResponses.initial(req, adapter),
+    step: (state, input) =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const event = OpenResponses.normalize(state, input)
+        if (event.type !== "response.output_item.done" || !event.item) return yield* OpenResponses.step(state, event)
+        if (event.item.type === "web_extractor_call") {
+          const item = yield* Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(WebExtractorItem)(event.item).pipe(
+            Effect.mapError((cause) =>
+              ProviderShared.eventError(
+                adapter.id,
+                "Alibaba returned an invalid web extraction item",
+                ProviderShared.encodeJson(event),
+                cause,
+              ),
+            ),
+          )
+          return yield* ResponsesHostedTools.onDone(state, item, {
+            web_extractor_call: { name: "web_extractor", input: () => ({ urls: item.urls, goal: item.goal }) },
+          })
+        }
+        if (ResponsesHostedTools.isItem(event.item, tools))
+          return yield* ResponsesHostedTools.onDone(state, event.item, tools)
+        return yield* OpenResponses.step(state, event)
+      }),
+    terminal: OpenResponses.terminal,
+  },
+})
+
+export * as AlibabaResponses from "./alibaba-responses.js"
@@ -408,6 +408,9 @@ export type NormalizedEvent = Event & { readonly item?: OutputItem | null }
 export interface ProviderAdapter {
  readonly id: string
  readonly name: string
+  readonly nativeTool?: (
+    native: NonNullable<ToolDefinition["native"]>,
+  ) => Effect.Effect<{ readonly type: string }, AIError>
  readonly lowerMedia?: (input: {
    readonly part: MediaPart
    readonly media: ProviderShared.NormalizedMedia
@@ -819,11 +822,13 @@ export const fromRequestWithAdapter = Effect.fn("OpenResponses.fromRequestWithAd
      projected.tools.length === 0
        ? undefined
        : yield* Effect.forEach(projected.tools, (tool) =>
-            lowerTool(
-              adapter.name,
-              tool,
-              ToolSchemaProjection.modelCompatibility(tool.inputSchema, toolSchemaCompatibility),
-            ),
+            tool.native !== undefined && adapter.nativeTool
+              ? adapter.nativeTool(tool.native)
+              : lowerTool(
+                  adapter.name,
+                  tool,
+                  ToolSchemaProjection.modelCompatibility(tool.inputSchema, toolSchemaCompatibility),
+                ),
          ),
    tool_choice:
      allowedToolChoice(request) ??
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+import type { ProviderPackage } from "../provider-package.js"
+import { AlibabaChat } from "../protocols/alibaba-chat.js"
+import { AlibabaMessages } from "../protocols/alibaba-messages.js"
+import { AlibabaResponses } from "../protocols/alibaba-responses.js"
+import { AuthOptions, type AtLeastOne, type ProviderAuthOption } from "../route/auth-options.js"
+import { Route, type RouteDefaultsInput } from "../route/client.js"
+import { Endpoint } from "../route/endpoint.js"
+import { Framing } from "../route/framing.js"
+import { ProviderID, ToolDefinition, type ModelID } from "../schema/index.js"
+
+export const id = ProviderID.make("alibaba")
+
+export type Region =
+  | "ap-southeast-1"
+  | "cn-beijing"
+  | "cn-hongkong"
+  | "us-east-1"
+  | "eu-central-1"
+  | "ap-northeast-1"
+  | (string & {})
+export type ChatOptionsInput = AlibabaChat.OptionsInput
+export type MessagesOptionsInput = AlibabaMessages.OptionsInput
+export type ResponsesOptionsInput = AlibabaResponses.OptionsInput
+
+type Location = AtLeastOne<{
+  readonly region: Region
+  /** Overrides the selected API's complete base URL, including its version prefix. */
+  readonly baseURL: string
+}> & { readonly workspaceID?: string }
+
+export type Config = Location &
+  Omit<RouteDefaultsInput, "providerOptions"> &
+  ProviderAuthOption<"optional"> & {
+    readonly providerOptions?: ChatOptionsInput | MessagesOptionsInput | ResponsesOptionsInput
+  }
+export type Settings<Options = ChatOptionsInput> = Location &
+  ProviderPackage.Settings & {
+    readonly apiKey?: string
+    readonly providerOptions?: Options
+  }
+
+const hosts = new Map<string, string>([
+  ["ap-southeast-1", "dashscope-intl.aliyuncs.com"],
+  ["cn-beijing", "dashscope.aliyuncs.com"],
+  ["cn-hongkong", "cn-hongkong.dashscope.aliyuncs.com"],
+  ["us-east-1", "dashscope-us.aliyuncs.com"],
+])
+const chatRoute = Route.make({
+  id: "alibaba-chat",
+  provider: id,
+  providerMetadataKey: "alibaba",
+  protocol: AlibabaChat.protocol,
+  endpoint: Endpoint.path("/chat/completions"),
+  framing: Framing.sse,
+})
+const messagesRoute = Route.make({
+  id: "alibaba-messages",
+  provider: id,
+  providerMetadataKey: "alibaba",
+  protocol: AlibabaMessages.protocol,
+  endpoint: Endpoint.path("/messages"),
+  framing: Framing.sse,
+  headers: () => ({ "anthropic-version": "2023-06-01" }),
+})
+const responsesRoute = Route.make({
+  id: "alibaba-responses",
+  provider: id,
+  providerMetadataKey: "alibaba",
+  protocol: AlibabaResponses.protocol,
+  endpoint: Endpoint.path("/responses"),
+  framing: Framing.sse,
+})
+
+export const routes = [chatRoute, messagesRoute, responsesRoute]
+
+export const configure = (input: Config) => {
+  const { apiKey: _key, auth: _auth, region, workspaceID, baseURL, ...rest } = input
+  const host =
+    region === undefined
+      ? undefined
+      : workspaceID === undefined
+        ? hosts.get(region)
+        : `${workspaceID}.${region}.maas.aliyuncs.com`
+  if (baseURL === undefined) {
+    if (region === undefined) throw new Error("Alibaba requires region or baseURL")
+    if (host === undefined) throw new Error(`Alibaba region ${region} requires workspaceID or baseURL`)
+  }
+  const opts = { ...rest, auth: AuthOptions.bearer(input, ["DASHSCOPE_API_KEY", "ALIBABA_API_KEY"]) }
+  const common = { ...opts, endpoint: { baseURL: baseURL ?? `https://${host}/compatible-mode/v1` } }
+  const chat = (id: string | ModelID) =>
+    chatRoute.with(common).model<ChatOptionsInput>({ id, compatibility: AlibabaChat.compatibility })
+  const messages = (id: string | ModelID) =>
+    messagesRoute
+      .with({
+        ...opts,
+        endpoint: { baseURL: baseURL ?? `https://${host}/apps/anthropic/v1` },
+      })
+      .model<MessagesOptionsInput>({ id, compatibility: { requireSignature: false } })
+  const responses = (id: string | ModelID) => responsesRoute.with(common).model<ResponsesOptionsInput>({ id })
+  return { id, model: chat, chat, messages, responses, configure }
+}
+
+export const provider = { id, configure }
+
+export const model: ProviderPackage.Definition<Settings, ChatOptionsInput>["model"] = (id, input) =>
+  fromSettings(input).chat(id)
+export const messagesModel: ProviderPackage.Definition<
+  Settings<MessagesOptionsInput>,
+  MessagesOptionsInput
+>["model"] = (id, input) => fromSettings(input).messages(id)
+export const responsesModel: ProviderPackage.Definition<
+  Settings<ResponsesOptionsInput>,
+  ResponsesOptionsInput
+>["model"] = (id, input) => fromSettings(input).responses(id)
+
+function fromSettings(input: Settings<Config["providerOptions"]>) {
+  const { body, ...rest } = input
+  return configure({ ...rest, http: body === undefined ? undefined : { body } })
+}
+
+export const webSearch = () => hostedTool("web_search", "Search the web with Alibaba's hosted search tool.")
+export const webExtractor = () => hostedTool("web_extractor", "Extract web page content with Alibaba's hosted tool.")
+export const codeInterpreter = () => hostedTool("code_interpreter", "Execute code with Alibaba's hosted interpreter.")
+
+function hostedTool(type: "web_search" | "web_extractor" | "code_interpreter", description: string) {
+  return ToolDefinition.make({
+    name: type,
+    description,
+    inputSchema: { type: "object", properties: {} },
+    native: { alibaba: { type } },
+  })
+}
+
+export * as Alibaba from "./alibaba.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export { model, type Settings } from "../alibaba.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import type { Alibaba } from "../alibaba.js"
+export { messagesModel as model } from "../alibaba.js"
+export type Settings = Alibaba.Settings<Alibaba.MessagesOptionsInput>
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import type { Alibaba } from "../alibaba.js"
+export { responsesModel as model } from "../alibaba.js"
+export type Settings = Alibaba.Settings<Alibaba.ResponsesOptionsInput>
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+export * as Alibaba from "./alibaba.js"
 export * as Anthropic from "./anthropic.js"
 export * as AnthropicCompatible from "./anthropic-compatible.js"
 export * as AmazonBedrock from "./amazon-bedrock.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+  "version": 1,
+  "metadata": {
+    "tags": [
+      "prefix:alibaba-chat",
+      "provider:alibaba",
+      "protocol:alibaba-chat",
+      "region:ap-southeast-1",
+      "thinking",
+      "usage"
+    ],
+    "name": "alibaba-chat/qwen-3-7-plus-streams-thinking-disabled",
+    "recordedAt": "2026-09-08T03:10:42.782Z"
+  },
+  "interactions": [
+    {
+      "transport": "http",
+      "request": {
+        "method": "POST",
+        "url": "https://dashscope-intl.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1/chat/completions",
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "application/json"
+        },
+        "body": "{\"model\":\"qwen3.7-plus\",\"messages\":[{\"role\":\"user\",\"content\":\"What is 173 multiplied by 219? Reply with only the final integer.\"}],\"stream\":true,\"stream_options\":{\"include_usage\":true},\"max_completion_tokens\":4096,\"enable_thinking\":false}"
+      },
+      "response": {
+        "status": 200,
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "text/event-stream;charset=utf-8"
+        },
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@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
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+    {
+      "transport": "http",
+      "request": {
+        "method": "POST",
+        "url": "https://dashscope-intl.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1/responses",
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "application/json"
+        },
+        "body": "{\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"input\":[{\"role\":\"user\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"input_text\",\"text\":\"What word did I ask you to remember? Reply with only the word.\"}]}],\"store\":true,\"reasoning\":{\"effort\":\"none\"},\"max_output_tokens\":1024,\"previous_response_id\":\"resp_97f8cd28-c7ab-9d51-9c14-4fc531decdc8\",\"stream\":true}"
+      },
+      "response": {
+        "status": 200,
+        "headers": {
+          "content-type": "text/event-stream;charset=UTF-8"
+        },
+        "body": "id:1\nevent:response.created\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":0,\"type\":\"response.created\",\"response\":{\"top_logprobs\":0,\"metadata\":{},\"presence_penalty\":0.0,\"reasoning\":{\"effort\":\"none\"},\"created_at\":1788837162,\"store\":true,\"tools\":[],\"output\":[],\"top_p\":1.0,\"completed_at\":1788837162,\"previous_response_id\":\"resp_97f8cd28-c7ab-9d51-9c14-4fc531decdc8\",\"frequency_penalty\":0.0,\"parallel_tool_calls\":true,\"background\":false,\"temperature\":1.0,\"tool_choice\":\"auto\",\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"service_tier\":\"default\",\"id\":\"resp_1d81d34c-d3ec-9f98-ab59-5d4641d4217a\",\"max_output_tokens\":1024,\"object\":\"response\",\"status\":\"queued\"}}\n\nid:2\nevent:response.in_progress\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":1,\"type\":\"response.in_progress\",\"response\":{\"top_logprobs\":0,\"metadata\":{},\"presence_penalty\":0.0,\"reasoning\":{\"effort\":\"none\"},\"created_at\":1788837162,\"store\":true,\"tools\":[],\"output\":[],\"top_p\":1.0,\"completed_at\":1788837162,\"previous_response_id\":\"resp_97f8cd28-c7ab-9d51-9c14-4fc531decdc8\",\"frequency_penalty\":0.0,\"parallel_tool_calls\":true,\"background\":false,\"temperature\":1.0,\"tool_choice\":\"auto\",\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"service_tier\":\"default\",\"id\":\"resp_1d81d34c-d3ec-9f98-ab59-5d4641d4217a\",\"max_output_tokens\":1024,\"object\":\"response\",\"status\":\"in_progress\"}}\n\nid:3\nevent:response.output_item.added\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":2,\"item\":{\"id\":\"msg_7bc50c33-8fbd-4b10-91fc-4f2533bb2091\",\"role\":\"assistant\",\"type\":\"message\",\"content\":[],\"status\":\"in_progress\"},\"output_index\":0,\"type\":\"response.output_item.added\"}\n\nid:4\nevent:response.content_part.added\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":3,\"output_index\":0,\"type\":\"response.content_part.added\",\"content_index\":0,\"item_id\":\"msg_7bc50c33-8fbd-4b10-91fc-4f2533bb2091\",\"part\":{\"type\":\"output_text\",\"annotations\":[],\"text\":\"\"}}\n\nid:5\nevent:response.output_text.delta\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":4,\"content_index\":0,\"item_id\":\"msg_7bc50c33-8fbd-4b10-91fc-4f2533bb2091\",\"delta\":\"ap\",\"output_index\":0,\"type\":\"response.output_text.delta\",\"logprobs\":[]}\n\nid:6\nevent:response.output_text.delta\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":5,\"content_index\":0,\"item_id\":\"msg_7bc50c33-8fbd-4b10-91fc-4f2533bb2091\",\"delta\":\"ricot\",\"output_index\":0,\"type\":\"response.output_text.delta\",\"logprobs\":[]}\n\nid:7\nevent:response.output_text.delta\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":6,\"content_index\":0,\"item_id\":\"msg_7bc50c33-8fbd-4b10-91fc-4f2533bb2091\",\"delta\":\"\",\"output_index\":0,\"type\":\"response.output_text.delta\",\"logprobs\":[]}\n\nid:8\nevent:response.output_text.done\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":7,\"content_index\":0,\"item_id\":\"msg_7bc50c33-8fbd-4b10-91fc-4f2533bb2091\",\"text\":\"apricot\",\"output_index\":0,\"type\":\"response.output_text.done\",\"logprobs\":[]}\n\nid:9\nevent:response.content_part.done\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":8,\"output_index\":0,\"type\":\"response.content_part.done\",\"content_index\":0,\"item_id\":\"msg_7bc50c33-8fbd-4b10-91fc-4f2533bb2091\",\"part\":{\"type\":\"output_text\",\"annotations\":[],\"text\":\"apricot\"}}\n\nid:10\nevent:response.output_item.done\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":9,\"item\":{\"id\":\"msg_7bc50c33-8fbd-4b10-91fc-4f2533bb2091\",\"role\":\"assistant\",\"type\":\"message\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"output_text\",\"annotations\":[],\"text\":\"apricot\"}],\"status\":\"completed\"},\"output_index\":0,\"type\":\"response.output_item.done\"}\n\nid:11\nevent:response.completed\n:HTTP_STATUS/200\ndata:{\"sequence_number\":10,\"type\":\"response.completed\",\"response\":{\"top_logprobs\":0,\"metadata\":{},\"presence_penalty\":0.0,\"reasoning\":{\"effort\":\"none\"},\"usage\":{\"total_tokens\":92,\"input_tokens_details\":{\"cached_tokens\":0},\"output_tokens\":3,\"input_tokens\":89,\"output_tokens_details\":{\"reasoning_tokens\":0},\"x_details\":[{\"total_tokens\":92,\"x_billing_type\":\"response_api\",\"output_tokens\":3,\"input_tokens\":89,\"prompt_tokens_details\":{\"cached_tokens\":0}}]},\"created_at\":1788837162,\"store\":true,\"tools\":[],\"output\":[{\"id\":\"msg_7bc50c33-8fbd-4b10-91fc-4f2533bb2091\",\"role\":\"assistant\",\"type\":\"message\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"output_text\",\"annotations\":[],\"text\":\"apricot\"}],\"status\":\"completed\"}],\"top_p\":1.0,\"completed_at\":1788837162,\"previous_response_id\":\"resp_97f8cd28-c7ab-9d51-9c14-4fc531decdc8\",\"frequency_penalty\":0.0,\"parallel_tool_calls\":true,\"background\":false,\"temperature\":1.0,\"tool_choice\":\"auto\",\"model\":\"qwen3.8-max\",\"service_tier\":\"default\",\"id\":\"resp_1d81d34c-d3ec-9f98-ab59-5d4641d4217a\",\"max_output_tokens\":1024,\"object\":\"response\",\"status\":\"completed\"}}\n\n"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import { LLM } from "../../src/index.js"
+import { Alibaba } from "../../src/providers.js"
+
+const provider = Alibaba.configure({ region: "ap-southeast-1" })
+Alibaba.configure({ baseURL: "https://gateway.example/v1" })
+Alibaba.configure({ region: "eu-central-1", workspaceID: "llm-workspace" })
+LLM.request({
+  model: provider.chat("qwen3.8-max"),
+  providerOptions: { reasoningEffort: "future", enableThinking: true, preserveThinking: false, toolStream: true },
+})
+LLM.request({
+  model: provider.messages("qwen3.8-max"),
+  providerOptions: { effort: "xhigh", thinking: { type: "enabled" } },
+})
+LLM.request({
+  model: provider.messages("qwen3.7-plus"),
+  providerOptions: { thinking: { type: "enabled", budgetTokens: 512 } },
+})
+LLM.request({
+  model: provider.responses("qwen3.8-max"),
+  providerOptions: { reasoningEffort: "low", enableThinking: true, store: true, previousResponseId: "resp_previous" },
+})
+// @ts-expect-error Region or complete base URL is required.
+Alibaba.configure({ apiKey: "fixture" })
+LLM.request({
+  model: provider.chat("qwen3.8-max"),
+  // @ts-expect-error Thinking toggle is a boolean.
+  providerOptions: { enableThinking: "true" },
+})
+LLM.request({
+  model: provider.messages("qwen3.8-max"),
+  // @ts-expect-error Messages uses effort.
+  providerOptions: { reasoningEffort: "high" },
+})
+LLM.request({
+  model: provider.responses("qwen3.8-max"),
+  // @ts-expect-error Responses does not use Chat thinking budgets.
+  providerOptions: { thinkingBudget: 512 },
+})
@@ -51,6 +51,10 @@ describe("provider package entrypoints", () => {
      import("@opencode/ai/providers/zai-coding-plan/chat"),
      import("@opencode/ai/providers/zai-coding-plan/messages"),
      import("@opencode/ai/providers/zai-coding-plan/responses"),
+      import("@opencode/ai/providers/alibaba"),
+      import("@opencode/ai/providers/alibaba/chat"),
+      import("@opencode/ai/providers/alibaba/messages"),
+      import("@opencode/ai/providers/alibaba/responses"),
    ])

    for (const module of modules) expect(module.model).toBeFunction()
@@ -61,6 +65,34 @@ describe("provider package entrypoints", () => {
    expect(modules[19].model).not.toBe(modules[20].model)
  })

+  test("maps Alibaba API entrypoints onto explicit regional routes", async () => {
+    const modules = await Promise.all([
+      import("@opencode/ai/providers/alibaba"),
+      import("@opencode/ai/providers/alibaba/chat"),
+      import("@opencode/ai/providers/alibaba/messages"),
+      import("@opencode/ai/providers/alibaba/responses"),
+    ])
+    expect(modules[0].model).toBe(modules[1].model)
+    const settings = {
+      region: "eu-central-1",
+      workspaceID: "llm-fixture",
+      apiKey: "fixture",
+      headers: { "x-test": "fixture" },
+      body: { extension: true },
+    }
+    const routes = ["alibaba-chat", "alibaba-chat", "alibaba-messages", "alibaba-responses"]
+    modules.forEach((module, index) => {
+      const model = module.model("qwen3.8-max", settings)
+      expect(model.provider).toBe("alibaba")
+      expect(model.route.id).toBe(routes[index])
+      expect(model.route.endpoint.baseURL).toBe(
+        `https://llm-fixture.eu-central-1.maas.aliyuncs.com/${index === 2 ? "apps/anthropic/v1" : "compatible-mode/v1"}`,
+      )
+      expect(model.route.defaults.headers).toEqual(settings.headers)
+      expect(model.route.defaults.http?.body).toEqual(settings.body)
+    })
+  })
+
  test("maps Moonshot API entrypoints onto provider-owned routes", async () => {
    const modules = await Promise.all([
      import("@opencode/ai/providers/moonshot"),
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { LLM, LLMEvent, LLMRequest, Message, ToolDefinition } from "../../src/index.js"
+import { Alibaba } from "../../src/providers.js"
+import { LLMClient } from "../../src/route.js"
+import { compileRequest } from "../../src/route/client.js"
+import { recordedTests } from "../recorded-test.js"
+
+const alibaba = Alibaba.configure({ region: "ap-southeast-1", apiKey: process.env.ALIBABA_API_KEY ?? "fixture" })
+const record = (api: "chat" | "messages" | "responses") =>
+  recordedTests({
+    prefix: `alibaba-${api}`,
+    provider: "alibaba",
+    protocol: `alibaba-${api}`,
+    requires: ["ALIBABA_API_KEY"],
+    tags: ["region:ap-southeast-1"],
+  })
+
+for (const api of ["chat", "messages", "responses"] as const) {
+  const recorded = record(api)
+  describe(`Alibaba ${api} capabilities`, () => {
+    for (const enabled of [false, true]) {
+      recorded.effect.with(
+        `Qwen 3.7 Plus streams thinking ${enabled ? "enabled" : "disabled"}`,
+        { tags: ["thinking", "usage"] },
+        () =>
+          Effect.gen(function* () {
+            const request = LLM.request({
+              model: alibaba[api]("qwen3.7-plus"),
+              providerOptions:
+                api === "messages"
+                  ? { thinking: { type: enabled ? "enabled" : "disabled", ...(enabled ? { budgetTokens: 1024 } : {}) } }
+                  : api === "chat"
+                    ? { enableThinking: enabled, ...(enabled ? { thinkingBudget: 1024 } : {}) }
+                    : { enableThinking: enabled },
+              prompt: "What is 173 multiplied by 219? Reply with only the final integer.",
+              generation: { maxTokens: 4096 },
+            })
+            const compiled = yield* compileRequest(request)
+            expect(api === "messages" ? compiled.body.thinking.type : compiled.body.enable_thinking).toBe(
+              api === "messages" ? (enabled ? "enabled" : "disabled") : enabled,
+            )
+            const response = yield* LLMClient.generate(request)
+            expect(response.text.replaceAll(",", "")).toContain("37887")
+            expect(response.reasoning.length > 0).toBe(enabled)
+            expect(response.finishReason.normalized).toBe("stop")
+            expect(response.usage?.inputTokens).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+            expect(response.usage?.outputTokens).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+          }),
+        120_000,
+      )
+    }
+    recorded.effect.with(
+      "Qwen 3.8 Flash reads image bytes",
+      { tags: ["image"] },
+      () =>
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const bytes = yield* Effect.promise(() =>
+            Bun.file(new URL("../fixtures/media/restroom.png", import.meta.url)).bytes(),
+          )
+          const response = yield* LLMClient.generate(
+            LLM.request({
+              model: alibaba[api]("qwen3.8-flash"),
+              providerOptions: api === "messages" ? { thinking: { type: "disabled" } } : { enableThinking: false },
+              messages: [
+                Message.user([
+                  { type: "text", text: "Read the three words in this image. Reply with only the words in order." },
+                  { type: "media", mediaType: "image/png", data: bytes },
+                ]),
+              ],
+              generation: { maxTokens: 4096 },
+            }),
+          )
+          expect(response.text.toLowerCase()).toContain("jiggling restroom prison")
+          expect(response.finishReason.normalized).toBe("stop")
+        }),
+      120_000,
+    )
+    recorded.effect.with(
+      "Qwen 3.8 Max obeys named tool choice",
+      { tags: ["tool", "tool-choice"] },
+      () =>
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const response = yield* LLMClient.generate(
+            LLM.request({
+              model: alibaba[api]("qwen3.8-max"),
+              prompt: "Find the current weather in Paris.",
+              providerOptions: api === "messages" ? { thinking: { type: "disabled" } } : { reasoningEffort: "none" },
+              tools: [
+                ToolDefinition.make({
+                  name: "get_weather",
+                  description: "Get weather in a city",
+                  inputSchema: {
+                    type: "object",
+                    properties: { city: { type: "string", enum: ["Paris"] } },
+                    required: ["city"],
+                  },
+                }),
+              ],
+              toolChoice: { type: "tool", name: "get_weather" },
+              generation: { maxTokens: 4096 },
+            }),
+          )
+          expect(response.toolCalls).toMatchObject([{ name: "get_weather", input: { city: "Paris" } }])
+          expect(response.finishReason.normalized).toBe(api === "messages" ? "stop" : "tool-calls")
+          if (api === "messages") expect(response.finishReason.raw).toBe("end_turn")
+        }),
+      120_000,
+    )
+  })
+}
+
+record("chat").effect.with(
+  "Qwen 3.8 Max returns a JSON object",
+  { tags: ["structured-output"] },
+  () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const response = yield* LLMClient.generate(
+        LLM.request({
+          model: alibaba.chat("qwen3.8-max"),
+          prompt: 'Return a JSON object with one key "city" set to the capital city of France.',
+          providerOptions: { reasoningEffort: "none", responseFormat: { type: "json_object" } },
+          generation: { maxTokens: 1024 },
+        }),
+      )
+      expect(JSON.parse(response.text)).toEqual({ city: "Paris" })
+      expect(response.finishReason.normalized).toBe("stop")
+    }),
+  120_000,
+)
+
+record("messages").effect.with(
+  "Qwen 3.8 Max follows a JSON schema",
+  { tags: ["structured-output"] },
+  () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const response = yield* LLMClient.generate(
+        LLM.request({
+          model: alibaba.messages("qwen3.8-max"),
+          prompt: 'Return a JSON object with one key "city" set to the capital city of France.',
+          providerOptions: {
+            thinking: { type: "disabled" },
+            outputConfig: {
+              format: {
+                type: "json_schema",
+                schema: {
+                  type: "object",
+                  properties: { city: { type: "string" } },
+                  required: ["city"],
+                  additionalProperties: false,
+                },
+              },
+            },
+          },
+          generation: { maxTokens: 1024 },
+        }),
+      )
+      expect(JSON.parse(response.text)).toEqual({ city: "Paris" })
+      expect(response.finishReason.normalized).toBe("stop")
+    }),
+  120_000,
+)
+
+const responses = record("responses")
+responses.effect.with(
+  "Qwen 3.8 Max continues a stored response",
+  { tags: ["continuation", "storage"] },
+  () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const first = yield* LLMClient.generate(
+        LLM.request({
+          model: alibaba.responses("qwen3.8-max"),
+          prompt: "Remember the password word apricot. Reply OK.",
+          providerOptions: { store: true, reasoningEffort: "none" },
+          generation: { maxTokens: 1024 },
+        }),
+      )
+      const id = first.events.find(LLMEvent.is.finish)?.providerMetadata?.alibaba?.responseId
+      expect(id).toBeString()
+      if (typeof id !== "string") throw new Error("Missing Alibaba response ID")
+      const second = yield* LLMClient.generate(
+        LLM.request({
+          model: alibaba.responses("qwen3.8-max"),
+          prompt: "What word did I ask you to remember? Reply with only the word.",
+          providerOptions: { previousResponseId: id, store: true, reasoningEffort: "none" },
+          generation: { maxTokens: 1024 },
+        }),
+      )
+      expect(second.text.toLowerCase()).toContain("apricot")
+      expect(second.finishReason.normalized).toBe("stop")
+    }),
+  120_000,
+)
+
+responses.effect.with(
+  "Qwen 3.8 Max uses hosted web search and extraction",
+  { tags: ["hosted-tool", "web-search", "web-extractor"] },
+  () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const request = LLM.request({
+        model: alibaba.responses("qwen3.8-max"),
+        prompt:
+          "Use web search to find Alibaba Cloud Model Studio's official documentation, then use web_extractor to read the page. Give a brief summary with the source URL.",
+        tools: [Alibaba.webSearch(), Alibaba.webExtractor()],
+        providerOptions: { reasoningEffort: "low", store: false },
+        generation: { maxTokens: 4096 },
+      })
+      const response = yield* LLMClient.generate(request)
+      expect(response.toolCalls).toEqual(
+        expect.arrayContaining([
+          expect.objectContaining({ name: "web_search", providerExecuted: true }),
+          expect.objectContaining({ name: "web_extractor", providerExecuted: true }),
+        ]),
+      )
+      expect(response.text.toLowerCase()).toContain("alibaba")
+      expect(response.events.some(LLMEvent.is.toolResult)).toBe(true)
+      const replay = yield* compileRequest(
+        LLMRequest.update(request, {
+          messages: [...request.messages, response.message, Message.user("Summarize in one sentence.")],
+        }),
+      )
+      expect(replay.body.input).toEqual(
+        expect.arrayContaining([
+          expect.objectContaining({ type: "web_search_call" }),
+          expect.objectContaining({ type: "web_extractor_call" }),
+        ]),
+      )
+    }),
+  180_000,
+)
+
+responses.effect.with(
+  "Qwen 3.8 Max uses hosted code interpreter",
+  { tags: ["hosted-tool", "code-interpreter"] },
+  () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const response = yield* LLMClient.generate(
+        LLM.request({
+          model: alibaba.responses("qwen3.8-max"),
+          prompt:
+            "Use the code interpreter to compute the SHA-256 hash of the UTF-8 string hello (no newline). Reply with only the hash.",
+          tools: [Alibaba.codeInterpreter()],
+          providerOptions: { reasoningEffort: "low" },
+          generation: { maxTokens: 4096 },
+        }),
+      )
+      expect(response.toolCalls).toEqual(
+        expect.arrayContaining([expect.objectContaining({ name: "code_interpreter", providerExecuted: true })]),
+      )
+      expect(response.text).toContain("2cf24dba5fb0a30e26e83b2ac5b9e29e1b161e5c1fa7425e73043362938b9824")
+      expect(response.events.some(LLMEvent.is.toolResult)).toBe(true)
+    }),
+  180_000,
+)
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { LLM, LLMEvent, LLMRequest, Message, ToolDefinition, type LLMResponse } from "../../src/index.js"
+import { Alibaba } from "../../src/providers.js"
+import { LLMClient } from "../../src/route.js"
+import { compileRequest } from "../../src/route/client.js"
+import { recordedTests } from "../recorded-test.js"
+
+const alibaba = Alibaba.configure({ region: "ap-southeast-1", apiKey: process.env.ALIBABA_API_KEY ?? "fixture" })
+const weather = ToolDefinition.make({
+  name: "get_weather",
+  description: "Get the current weather in a city",
+  inputSchema: {
+    type: "object",
+    properties: { city: { type: "string", enum: ["Paris"] } },
+    required: ["city"],
+    additionalProperties: false,
+  },
+})
+
+for (const api of ["chat", "messages", "responses"] as const) {
+  const recorded = recordedTests({
+    prefix: `alibaba-${api}`,
+    provider: "alibaba",
+    protocol: `alibaba-${api}`,
+    requires: ["ALIBABA_API_KEY"],
+    tags: ["region:ap-southeast-1"],
+  })
+  describe(`Alibaba ${api}`, () => {
+    for (const effort of api === "messages"
+      ? [undefined, "low", "medium", "high", "xhigh", "max"]
+      : [undefined, "none", "minimal", "low", "medium", "high", "xhigh", "max"]) {
+      recorded.effect.with(
+        `Qwen 3.8 Max streams ${effort ?? "default"} effort`,
+        { tags: ["text", "reasoning", "usage"] },
+        () =>
+          Effect.gen(function* () {
+            const request = LLM.request({
+              model: alibaba[api]("qwen3.8-max"),
+              prompt: "What is 173 multiplied by 219? Reply with only the final integer.",
+              providerOptions: api === "messages" ? { effort } : { reasoningEffort: effort },
+              generation: { maxTokens: 4096 },
+            })
+            const compiled = yield* compileRequest(request)
+            expect(compiled.body.enable_thinking).toBeUndefined()
+            expect(compiled.body.thinking).toBeUndefined()
+            expect(
+              api === "chat"
+                ? compiled.body.reasoning_effort
+                : api === "messages"
+                  ? compiled.body.output_config?.effort
+                  : compiled.body.reasoning?.effort,
+            ).toBe(effort)
+            const response = yield* LLMClient.generate(request)
+            expect(response.text.replaceAll(",", "")).toContain("37887")
+            expect(response.reasoning.length > 0).toBe(effort !== "none")
+            expect(response.finishReason.normalized).toBe("stop")
+            expectUsage(response)
+          }),
+        120_000,
+      )
+    }
+
+    recorded.effect.with(
+      "Qwen 3.8 Max replays reasoning through a tool loop and follow-up",
+      { tags: ["tool", "tool-loop", "reasoning", "continuation"] },
+      () =>
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const request = LLM.request({
+            model: alibaba[api]("qwen3.8-max"),
+            providerOptions:
+              api === "messages"
+                ? { effort: "medium" }
+                : api === "chat"
+                  ? { reasoningEffort: "medium", preserveThinking: true, toolStream: true }
+                  : { reasoningEffort: "medium", store: false },
+            prompt:
+              "We have a budget of 38000 dollars for 219 trips costing 173 dollars each. Calculate whether that is affordable. If it is, use get_weather to look up the current weather in Paris. After receiving the result, report the weather in one short sentence.",
+            tools: [weather],
+            generation: { maxTokens: 4096 },
+          })
+          const first = yield* LLMClient.generate(request)
+          expect(first.toolCalls).toMatchObject([{ name: "get_weather", input: { city: "Paris" } }])
+          expect(first.finishReason.normalized).toBe("tool-calls")
+          expect(first.reasoning.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+          expect(first.events.some(LLMEvent.is.toolInputDelta)).toBe(true)
+          expectUsage(first)
+          const continuation = LLMRequest.update(request, {
+            messages: [
+              ...request.messages,
+              first.message,
+              ...first.toolCalls.map((call) =>
+                Message.tool({ id: call.id, name: call.name, result: { condition: "sunny", temperature: "18C" } }),
+              ),
+            ],
+          })
+          expectReasoning(api, (yield* compileRequest(continuation)).body, first)
+          const second = yield* LLMClient.generate(continuation)
+          expect(second.text.toLowerCase()).toContain("sunny")
+          expect(second.toolCalls).toHaveLength(0)
+          expect(second.finishReason.normalized).toBe("stop")
+          expectUsage(second)
+          const followUp = LLMRequest.update(continuation, {
+            messages: [
+              ...continuation.messages,
+              second.message,
+              Message.user("What temperature did the tool report? Reply with only the temperature."),
+            ],
+          })
+          expectReasoning(api, (yield* compileRequest(followUp)).body, first)
+          const third = yield* LLMClient.generate(followUp)
+          expect(third.text).toContain("18")
+          expect(third.toolCalls).toHaveLength(0)
+          expect(third.finishReason.normalized).toBe("stop")
+          expectUsage(third)
+        }),
+      180_000,
+    )
+  })
+}
+
+function expectUsage(response: LLMResponse) {
+  expect(response.usage?.inputTokens).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+  expect(response.usage?.outputTokens).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+  expect(response.events.filter(LLMEvent.is.finish)).toHaveLength(1)
+}
+
+function expectReasoning(
+  api: "chat" | "messages" | "responses",
+  body: Readonly<Record<string, unknown>>,
+  response: LLMResponse,
+) {
+  if (api === "chat") {
+    expect(body.messages).toEqual(
+      expect.arrayContaining([expect.objectContaining({ role: "assistant", reasoning_content: response.reasoning })]),
+    )
+    return
+  }
+  for (const part of response.message.content.filter((part) => part.type === "reasoning")) {
+    if (api === "messages") {
+      expect(body.messages).toEqual(
+        expect.arrayContaining([
+          expect.objectContaining({
+            role: "assistant",
+            content: expect.arrayContaining([
+              { type: "thinking", thinking: part.text, signature: part.providerMetadata?.alibaba?.signature ?? "" },
+            ]),
+          }),
+        ]),
+      )
+      continue
+    }
+    expect(body.input).toEqual(
+      expect.arrayContaining([
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          type: "reasoning",
+          id: part.providerMetadata?.alibaba?.itemId,
+          summary: expect.arrayContaining([{ type: "summary_text", text: part.text }]),
+        }),
+      ]),
+    )
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
+import { expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { ConfigProvider, Effect } from "effect"
+import { Headers } from "effect/unstable/http"
+import { Auth, LLM, LLMClient, LLMRequest, Message, ReasoningPart, ToolDefinition } from "../../src/index.js"
+import { Alibaba } from "../../src/providers.js"
+import { compileRequest } from "../../src/route/client.js"
+import { Endpoint } from "../../src/route/endpoint.js"
+import { it } from "../lib/effect.js"
+import { dynamicResponse } from "../lib/http.js"
+import { sseEvents } from "../lib/sse.js"
+
+const tool = ToolDefinition.make({
+  name: "lookup",
+  description: "Look up a value",
+  inputSchema: { type: "object", properties: { key: { type: "string" } } },
+})
+const paths = {
+  chat: "/compatible-mode/v1/chat/completions",
+  messages: "/apps/anthropic/v1/messages",
+  responses: "/compatible-mode/v1/responses",
+}
+
+it.effect("Alibaba owns regional shared and workspace-specific endpoints", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    for (const region of [
+      "ap-southeast-1",
+      "cn-beijing",
+      "cn-hongkong",
+      "us-east-1",
+      "eu-central-1",
+      "ap-northeast-1",
+    ]) {
+      const provider = Alibaba.configure({ region, workspaceID: "llm-fixture", apiKey: "fixture" })
+      expect(provider.model).toBe(provider.chat)
+      for (const api of ["chat", "messages", "responses"] as const) {
+        const model = provider[api]("qwen-plus-us")
+        const request = LLM.request({ model, prompt: "Hello" })
+        const compiled = yield* compileRequest(request)
+        expect(Endpoint.render(model.route.endpoint, { request, body: compiled.body }).toString()).toBe(
+          `https://llm-fixture.${region}.maas.aliyuncs.com${paths[api]}`,
+        )
+        expect(model.provider).toBe("alibaba")
+        expect(model.route.id).toBe(`alibaba-${api}`)
+        expect(compiled.body.model).toBe("qwen-plus-us")
+        for (const field of [
+          "thinking",
+          "enable_thinking",
+          "thinking_budget",
+          "preserve_thinking",
+          "reasoning_effort",
+          "reasoning",
+          "output_config",
+          "store",
+          "tool_stream",
+        ])
+          expect(compiled.body[field]).toBeUndefined()
+      }
+    }
+    for (const [region, host] of [
+      ["ap-southeast-1", "dashscope-intl.aliyuncs.com"],
+      ["cn-beijing", "dashscope.aliyuncs.com"],
+      ["cn-hongkong", "cn-hongkong.dashscope.aliyuncs.com"],
+      ["us-east-1", "dashscope-us.aliyuncs.com"],
+    ]) {
+      const provider = Alibaba.configure({ region, apiKey: "fixture" })
+      for (const api of ["chat", "messages", "responses"] as const) {
+        const request = LLM.request({ model: provider[api]("qwen3.8-max") })
+        const compiled = yield* compileRequest(request)
+        expect(Endpoint.render(request.model.route.endpoint, { request, body: compiled.body }).toString()).toBe(
+          `https://${host}${paths[api]}`,
+        )
+      }
+    }
+  }),
+)
+
+test("Alibaba requires explicit placement and supports complete base URL overrides", () => {
+  for (const region of ["eu-central-1", "ap-northeast-1", "future-region"])
+    expect(() => Alibaba.configure({ region })).toThrow("requires workspaceID or baseURL")
+  for (const config of [
+    { baseURL: "https://gateway.example/prefix" },
+    { region: "future-region", workspaceID: "ignored", baseURL: "https://gateway.example/prefix" },
+  ]) {
+    const provider = Alibaba.configure(config)
+    for (const api of ["chat", "messages", "responses"] as const)
+      expect(provider[api]("unchanged-id").route.endpoint.baseURL).toBe(config.baseURL)
+  }
+  expect(
+    Alibaba.configure({ region: "future-region", workspaceID: "llm-fixture" }).chat("new-model").route.endpoint.baseURL,
+  ).toBe("https://llm-fixture.future-region.maas.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1")
+})
+
+it.effect("Alibaba resolves explicit auth, API keys, and regional environment credentials", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    for (const item of [
+      {
+        config: {},
+        env: { DASHSCOPE_API_KEY: "primary", ALIBABA_API_KEY: "fallback" },
+        headers: { authorization: "Bearer primary" },
+      },
+      { config: {}, env: { ALIBABA_API_KEY: "fallback" }, headers: { authorization: "Bearer fallback" } },
+      {
+        config: { apiKey: "explicit" },
+        env: { DASHSCOPE_API_KEY: "primary" },
+        headers: { authorization: "Bearer explicit" },
+      },
+      {
+        config: { auth: Auth.header("x-custom-key", "custom") },
+        env: { DASHSCOPE_API_KEY: "primary" },
+        headers: { "x-custom-key": "custom" },
+      },
+    ]) {
+      const provider = Alibaba.configure({ region: "ap-southeast-1", ...item.config })
+      for (const api of ["chat", "messages", "responses"] as const) {
+        const request = LLM.request({ model: provider[api]("qwen3.8-max") })
+        const headers = yield* request.model.route.auth
+          .apply({ request, method: "POST", url: "https://fixture", body: "{}", headers: Headers.empty })
+          .pipe(Effect.provide(ConfigProvider.layer(ConfigProvider.fromEnv({ env: item.env }))))
+        expect(headers).toEqual(expect.objectContaining(item.headers))
+      }
+    }
+  }),
+)
+
+it.effect("Alibaba keeps native reasoning controls and future efforts on their selected API", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const provider = Alibaba.configure({ region: "ap-southeast-1", apiKey: "fixture" })
+    for (const effort of ["none", "minimal", "low", "medium", "high", "xhigh", "max", "future-effort"]) {
+      const chat = yield* compileRequest(
+        LLM.request({ model: provider.chat("qwen3.8-max"), providerOptions: { reasoningEffort: effort } }),
+      )
+      const messages = yield* compileRequest(
+        LLM.request({ model: provider.messages("qwen3.8-max"), providerOptions: { effort } }),
+      )
+      const responses = yield* compileRequest(
+        LLM.request({ model: provider.responses("qwen3.8-max"), providerOptions: { reasoningEffort: effort } }),
+      )
+      expect(chat.body.reasoning_effort).toBe(effort)
+      expect(messages.body.output_config).toEqual({ effort })
+      expect(responses.body.reasoning).toEqual({ effort })
+      for (const result of [chat, messages, responses]) {
+        expect(result.body.thinking).toBeUndefined()
+        expect(result.body.enable_thinking).toBeUndefined()
+      }
+    }
+    for (const enableThinking of [true, false]) {
+      const chat = yield* compileRequest(
+        LLM.request({
+          model: provider.chat("qwen3.7-plus"),
+          tools: [tool],
+          generation: { maxTokens: 1234, topK: 20 },
+          providerOptions: {
+            enableThinking,
+            thinkingBudget: 512,
+            preserveThinking: false,
+            clearThinking: false,
+            toolStream: false,
+            parallelToolCalls: false,
+            repetitionPenalty: 1.1,
+            responseFormat: { type: "json_object" },
+            enableSearch: true,
+            searchOptions: { forced_search: true, search_strategy: "future-strategy", enable_search_extension: false },
+          },
+        }),
+      )
+      expect(chat.body).toMatchObject({
+        enable_thinking: enableThinking,
+        thinking_budget: 512,
+        preserve_thinking: false,
+        clear_thinking: false,
+        tool_stream: false,
+        parallel_tool_calls: false,
+        repetition_penalty: 1.1,
+        max_completion_tokens: 1234,
+        top_k: 20,
+        response_format: { type: "json_object" },
+        enable_search: true,
+        search_options: { forced_search: true, search_strategy: "future-strategy", enable_search_extension: false },
+      })
+      expect(chat.body.max_tokens).toBeUndefined()
+      expect(chat.body.tools).toEqual([
+        expect.objectContaining({ function: expect.not.objectContaining({ strict: expect.anything() }) }),
+      ])
+      const responses = yield* compileRequest(
+        LLM.request({
+          model: provider.responses("qwen3.7-plus"),
+          providerOptions: { enableThinking, store: false, previousResponseId: "resp_previous" },
+        }),
+      )
+      expect(responses.body).toMatchObject({
+        enable_thinking: enableThinking,
+        store: false,
+        previous_response_id: "resp_previous",
+      })
+    }
+    for (const thinking of [
+      { type: "enabled" },
+      { type: "disabled" },
+      { type: "enabled", budgetTokens: 512 },
+      { type: "future", budget_tokens: 4096 },
+    ]) {
+      const messages = yield* compileRequest(
+        LLM.request({ model: provider.messages("qwen3.7-plus"), providerOptions: { thinking } }),
+      )
+      expect(messages.body.thinking).toEqual({
+        type: thinking.type,
+        budget_tokens: thinking.budgetTokens ?? thinking.budget_tokens,
+      })
+    }
+  }),
+)
+
+it.effect("Alibaba validates malformed options before execution", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const provider = Alibaba.configure({ region: "ap-southeast-1", apiKey: "fixture" })
+    for (const [api, providerOptions] of [
+      ["chat", { preserveThinking: "false" }],
+      ["messages", { thinking: { type: "enabled", budgetTokens: "512" } }],
+      ["responses", { enableThinking: "false" }],
+    ] as const) {
+      const model = provider[api]("qwen3.8-max").route.with({ providerOptions }).model({ id: "qwen3.8-max" })
+      const error = yield* compileRequest(LLM.request({ model })).pipe(Effect.flip)
+      expect(error.reason._tag).toBe("InvalidRequest")
+    }
+  }),
+)
+
+it.effect("Alibaba preserves unsigned and signed Messages thinking without a budget requirement", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const result = yield* compileRequest(
+      LLM.request({
+        model: Alibaba.configure({ region: "ap-southeast-1", apiKey: "fixture" }).messages("qwen3.8-max"),
+        providerOptions: { thinking: { type: "enabled" }, effort: "low" },
+        messages: [
+          Message.user("Hello"),
+          Message.assistant([
+            ReasoningPart.make({ type: "reasoning", text: "unsigned" }),
+            ReasoningPart.make({
+              type: "reasoning",
+              text: "signed",
+              providerMetadata: { alibaba: { signature: "opaque" } },
+            }),
+          ]),
+        ],
+      }),
+    )
+    expect(result.body.thinking).toEqual({ type: "enabled" })
+    expect(result.body.messages).toEqual(
+      expect.arrayContaining([
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          role: "assistant",
+          content: [
+            { type: "thinking", thinking: "unsigned", signature: "" },
+            { type: "thinking", thinking: "signed", signature: "opaque" },
+          ],
+        }),
+      ]),
+    )
+  }),
+)
+
+it.effect("Alibaba serializes Messages configuration, per-request controls, and final HTTP overlays", () =>
+  LLMClient.generate(
+    LLM.request({
+      model: Alibaba.configure({
+        baseURL: "https://gateway.example/v1",
+        apiKey: "fixture",
+        providerOptions: { thinking: { type: "enabled", budgetTokens: 512 }, effort: "high" },
+      }).messages("qwen3.8-max"),
+      prompt: "Hello",
+      providerOptions: { effort: "low" },
+      http: { body: { output_config: { effort: "medium" }, extension: true } },
+    }),
+  ).pipe(
+    Effect.provide(
+      dynamicResponse((input) =>
+        Effect.sync(() => {
+          expect(input.request.url).toBe("https://gateway.example/v1/messages")
+          expect(input.request.headers.authorization).toBe("Bearer fixture")
+          expect(input.request.headers["anthropic-version"]).toBe("2023-06-01")
+          expect(JSON.parse(input.text)).toMatchObject({
+            thinking: { type: "enabled", budget_tokens: 512 },
+            output_config: { effort: "medium" },
+            extension: true,
+          })
+          return input.respond(
+            sseEvents(
+              {
+                type: "message_start",
+                message: { id: "msg_fixture", content: [], usage: { input_tokens: 1, output_tokens: 0 } },
+              },
+              { type: "message_delta", delta: { stop_reason: "end_turn" }, usage: { output_tokens: 1 } },
+              { type: "message_stop" },
+            ),
+            { headers: { "content-type": "text/event-stream" } },
+          )
+        }),
+      ),
+    ),
+  ),
+)
+
+it.effect("Alibaba Responses lowers hosted tools and named selection using HTTP even with a WebSocket executor", () =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const request = LLM.request({
+      model: Alibaba.configure({ region: "ap-southeast-1", apiKey: "fixture" }).responses("qwen3.8-max"),
+      tools: [Alibaba.webSearch(), Alibaba.webExtractor(), Alibaba.codeInterpreter(), tool],
+      prompt: "Hello",
+    })
+    const compiled = yield* compileRequest(request)
+    expect(compiled.body.tools).toMatchObject([
+      { type: "web_search" },
+      { type: "web_extractor" },
+      { type: "code_interpreter" },
+      { type: "function", name: "lookup" },
+    ])
+    const named = yield* compileRequest(
+      LLMRequest.update(request, { tools: [tool], toolChoice: { type: "tool", name: "lookup" } }),
+    )
+    expect(named.body.tool_choice).toEqual({
+      type: "allowed_tools",
+      mode: "required",
+      tools: [{ type: "function", name: "lookup" }],
+    })
+    const response = yield* LLMClient.generate(request, {
+      webSocket: { execute: () => Effect.die("Unexpected WebSocket") },
+    })
+    expect(response.toolCalls).toMatchObject([
+      {
+        name: "web_extractor",
+        providerExecuted: true,
+        input: { urls: ["https://example.com"], goal: "Read the page" },
+      },
+    ])
+    const replay = yield* compileRequest(
+      LLMRequest.update(request, { messages: [...request.messages, response.message, Message.user("Continue")] }),
+    )
+    expect(replay.body.input).toEqual(
+      expect.arrayContaining([
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          type: "web_extractor_call",
+          id: "extract_1",
+          urls: ["https://example.com"],
+          goal: "Read the page",
+          result: { text: "fixture" },
+        }),
+      ]),
+    )
+  }).pipe(
+    Effect.provide(
+      dynamicResponse((input) =>
+        Effect.sync(() => {
+          expect(input.request.url).toBe("https://dashscope-intl.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1/responses")
+          return input.respond(
+            sseEvents(
+              {
+                type: "response.output_item.done",
+                output_index: 0,
+                item: {
+                  type: "web_extractor_call",
+                  id: "extract_1",
+                  status: "completed",
+                  urls: ["https://example.com"],
+                  goal: "Read the page",
+                  result: { text: "fixture" },
+                },
+              },
+              { type: "response.completed", response: {} },
+            ),
+            { headers: { "content-type": "text/event-stream" } },
+          )
+        }),
+      ),
+    ),
+  ),
+)
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				`export { model, type Settings } from "../alibaba.js"`